facts about salts

facts about salts

ffaaccttss about salts:
1. Until the 20th century, a bag of salt (called amoleh) is the base currency in Abyssinia (now Ethiopia)

2. The Amazing Salar de Uyuni, the world's largest salt flat denan size of 4000 square miles in Bolivia. when a thin layer of sea water above the sand, it becomes a mirror rara avis. This reflectivity makes it a very useful tool in the calibration of scientific equipment from outer space. useful in the calibration of scientific equipment from outer space. The salt flat also contains half the world's supply of lithium.

3. Salt is very important for our bodies. if you drink too much water, it will eliminate a lot of fluid containing sodium in the body and can lead to hyponatremia (complications of medical disease in which the body loses a lot of fluids containing sodium) that prove fatal. This is what killed Jennifer Strange who follow the competition "Hold your wee for a wii"

4. even so important, consuming too much salt can also be deadly. You need about 1 gram of salt in every kilogram of your weight and that is enough to kill you. (So if you weigh 50 kg, 50 grams of salt can kill you, less LBH so) This is used as a method of ritual suicide in China, especially in the nobility as the time it is very expensive salt

5. Good quality sea salt contains many minerals that are important to our bodies. The best type of sea salt should be slightly damp when it was taken from the sea

6. In the Middle Ages, salt was so expensive that is sometimes referred to as "white gold". At that time, there are specific transportation routes for connecting the inland city of salt from Lüneburg to the German Baltic coast.

7. Black violations made in India by salt water mixed with the seeds of Harad. The mixture was allowed to evaporate leaving a black lump of salt. When the salt evenly, the resulting powder into the color pink

8. In Guerande, France, salt is still collected in the traditional way by using the basket which must wait for the sea water flooded. This enacting of salt is very expensive and highly sought after, especially with the best quality which is called the Fleur de cells (flower of salt)

9. there is a common misconception that the Roman soldiers paid with salt (as salary). but they are paid with money sabenarnya normal reply. connection with the salt is possible by the fact that the Roman soldiers are protected when traveling to Rome Salt

10. before biblical Judaism was removed, mixed with salt to sacrifice animals to God. according to Moses in Leviticus 2:13 which states: "Whatsoever sacrifice thou offerest, thou shalt season it with salt, neither shalt thou take away the salt of the covenant of thy God from thy sacrifice. In all thy oblations thou shalt offer salt. "(Fear of translating). So salt is considered a symbol of wisdom.

11. After the aviation fuel was purified, mixed with salt it to remove all traces of water before it can be used.

12. Sodium chloride is formed when sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas is stable. This is the only family of rocks on a regular basis are eaten by humans

13. In the early 1800s salt 4 times more expensive as the price of beef which are in the border region - it is very important in maintaining human and livestock in order to stay alive

14. Only 6% of salt used in the United States is used in food, 17% are used for de-icing streets and highways in winter

15. In the late 17th century, salt was the goods carried by the leading cargo from the Caribbean to North America and vice versa. It is used for food the slaves on sugar plantations

why sun is hot

The Sun is hot, as the more astute of you will have noticed. It is hot because its enormous weight – about a billion billion billion tons – creates vast gravity, putting its core under colossal pressure. Just as a bicycle pump gets warm when you pump it, the pressure increases the temperature. Enormous pressure leads to enormous temperature. 

If, instead of hydrogen, you got a billion billion billion tons of bananas and hung it in space, it would create just as much pressure, and therefore just as high a temperature. So it would make very little difference to the heat whether you made the Sun out of hydrogen, or bananas, or patio furniture. 

Edit: this might be a little confusing. The heat caused by the internal pressure would be similar to that of our Sun. However, if it's not made of hydrogen, the fusion reaction that keeps it going wouldn't get under way: so a banana Sun would rapidly cool down from its initial heat rather than burning for billions of years. Thanks to people who pointed this out. 

All the matter that makes up the human race could fit in a sugar cube 

Atoms are 99.9999999999999 per cent empty space. As Tom Stoppard put it: "Make a fist, and if your fist is as big as the nucleus of an atom, then the atom is as big as St Paul's, and if it happens to be a hydrogen atom, then it has a single electron flitting about like a moth in an empty cathedral, now by the dome, now by the altar." 

If you forced all the atoms together, removing the space between them, crushing them down so the all those vast empty cathedrals were compressed into the first-sized nuclei, a single teaspoon or sugar cube of the resulting mass would weigh five billion tons; about ten times the weight of all the humans who are currently alive. 

Incidentally, that is exactly what has happened in a neutron star, the super-dense mass left over after a certain kind of supernova. 

Events in the future can affect what happened in the past 

The weirdness of the quantum world is well documented. The double slit experiment, showing that light behaves as both a wave and a particle, is odd enough – particularly when it is shown that observing it makes it one or the other. 

But it gets stranger. According to an experiment proposed by the physicist John Wheeler in 1978 and carried out by researchers in 2007, observing a particle now can change what happened to another one – in the past. 

According to the double slit experiment, if you observe which of two slits light passes through, you force it to behave like a particle. If you don’t, and observe where it lands on a screen behind the slits, it behaves like a wave. 

But if you wait for it to pass through the slit, and then observe which way it came through, it will retroactively force it to have passed through one or the other. In other words, causality is working backwards: the present is affecting the past. 

Of course in the lab this only has an effect over indescribably tiny fractions of a second. But Wheeler suggested that light from distant stars that has bent around a gravitational well in between could be observed in the same way: which could mean that observing something now and changing what happened thousands, or even millions, of years in the past. 

Almost all of the Universe is missing 

There are probably more than 100 billion galaxies in the cosmos. Each of those galaxies has between 10 million and a trillion stars in it. Our sun, a rather small and feeble star (a “yellow dwarf”, indeed), weighs around a billion billion billion tons, and most are much bigger. There is an awful lot of visible matter in the Universe. 

But it only accounts for about two per cent of its mass. 

We know there is more, because it has gravity. Despite the huge amount of visible matter, it is nowhere near enough to account for the gravitational pull we can see exerted on other galaxies. The other stuff is called “dark matter”, and there seems to be around six times as much as ordinary matter. 

To make matters even more confusing, the rest is something else called “dark energy”, which is needed to explain the apparent expansion of the Universe. Nobody knows what dark matter or dark energy is. 

Things can travel faster than light; and light doesn’t always travel very fast 

The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant: 300,000km a second. However, light does not always travel through a vacuum. In water, for example, photons travel at around three-quarters that speed. 

In nuclear reactors, some particles are forced up to very high speeds, often within a fraction of the speed of light. If they are passing through an insulating medium that slows light down, they can actually travel faster than the light around them. 

When this happens, they cause a blue glow, known as “Cherenkov radiation ”, which is (sort of) comparable to a sonic boom but with light. This is why nuclear reactors glow in the dark. 

Incidentally, the slowest light has ever been recorded travelling was 17 meters per second – about 38 miles an hour – through rubidium cooled to almost absolute zero, when it forms a strange state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate. 

Light has also been brought to a complete stop in the same fashion, but since that wasn't moving at all, we didn't feel we could describe that as "the slowest it has been recorded travelling". 

There are an infinite number of mes writing this, and an infinite number of yous reading it 

According to the current standard model of cosmology, the observable universe – containing all the billions of galaxies and trillions upon trillions of stars mentioned above – is just one of an infinite number of universes existing side-by-side, like soap bubbles in a foam. 

Because they are infinite, every possible history must have played out. But more than that, the number of possible histories is finite, because there have been a finite number of events with a finite number of outcomes. The number is huge, but it is finite. So this exact event, where this author writes these words and you read them, must have happened an infinite number of times. 

Even more amazingly, we can work out how far away our nearest doppelganger is. It is, to put it mildly, a large distance: 10 to the power of 10 to the power of 28 meters. That number, in case you were wondering, is one followed by 10 billion billion billion zeroes 

Black holes aren’t black 

They’re very dark, sure, but they aren’t black. They glow, slightly, giving off light across the whole spectrum, including visible light. 

This radiation is called “Hawking radiation”, after the former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University Stephen Hawking, who first proposed its existence. Because they are constantly giving this off, and therefore losing mass, black holes will eventually evaporate altogether if they don’t have another source of mass to sustain them; for example interstellar gas or light. 

Smaller black holes are expected to emit radiation faster compared to their mass than larger ones, so if – as some theories predict – the Large Hadron Collider creates minuscule holes through particle collisions, they will evaporate almost immediately. Scientists would then be able to observe their decay through the radiation. 

The fundamental description of the universe does not account for a past, present or future 

According to the special theory of relativity, there is no such thing as a present, or a future, or a past. Time frames are relative: I have one, you have one, the third planet of Gliese 581 has one. Ours are similar because we are moving at similar speeds. 

If we were moving at very different speeds, we would find that one of us aged quicker than the other. Similarly, if one of us was closer than the other to a major gravity well like the Earth, we would age slower than someone who wasn’t. 

GPS satellites, of course, are both moving quickly and at significant distances from Earth. So their internal clocks show a different time to the receivers on the ground. A lot of computing power has to go into making your sat-nav work around the theory of special relativity. 

A particle here can affect one on the other side of the universe, instantaneously 

When an electron meets its antimatter twin, a positron, the two are annihilated in a tiny flash of energy. Two photons fly away from the blast. 

Subatomic particles like photons and quarks have a quality known as “spin”. It’s not that they’re really spinning – it’s not clear that would even mean anything at that level – but they behave as if they do. When two are created simultaneously the direction of their spin has to cancel each other out: one doing the opposite of the other. 

Due to the unpredictability of quantum behaviour, it is impossible to say in advance which will go “anticlockwise” and the other “clockwise”. More than that, until the spin of one is observed, they are both doing both. 

It gets weirder, however. When you do observe one, it will suddenly be going clockwise or anticlockwise. And whichever way it is going, its twin will start spinning the other way, instantly, even if it is on the other side of the universe. This has actually been shown to happen in experiment (albeit on the other side of a laboratory, not a universe). 

The faster you move, the heavier you get 

If you run really fast, you gain weight. Not permanently, or it would make a mockery of diet and exercise plans, but momentarily, and only a tiny amount. 

Light speed is the speed limit of the universe. So if something is travelling close to the speed of light, and you give it a push, it can’t go very much faster. But you’ve given it extra energy, and that energy has to go somewhere. 

Where it goes is mass. According to relativity, mass and energy are equivalent. So the more energy you put in, the greater the mass becomes. This is negligible at human speeds – Usain Bolt is not noticeably heavier when running than when still – but once you reach an appreciable fraction of the speed of light, your mass starts to increase rapidly.

HISTORICAL OUTLINE of the Atomic Theory and the Structure of the Atom

Development of the Atomic Theory






Democritus
Democritus (460-370 BC) First proposed the existence of an ultimate particle. Used the word "atomos" to describe this particle.

Democritus

Democritus
Full name	Democritus
Born	ca. 460 BC Abdera, Thrace
Died	ca. 370 BC (Aged 90)
Era	Pre-Socratic philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Pre-Socratic philosophy
Main interests	metaphysics / mathematics / astronomy
Notable ideas	atomism, distant star theory

 Aristotle
  Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a proponent of the continuum. He believed in the four elements of air, earth, water and fire. Aristotle felt that regardless of the number of times you cut a form of matter in half, you would always have a smaller piece of that matter. This view held sway for 2000 years primarily because Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the Great.

Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs

Marble bust of Aristotle. Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippus c. 330 BC. The alabaster mantle is modern
Full name	Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs
Born	384 BC Stageira, Chalcidice
Died	322 BC (age 61 or 62) Euboea
Era	Ancient philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Peripatetic school Aristotelianism
Main interests	Physics, Metaphysics, Poetry, Theatre, Music, Rhetoric, Politics, Government, Ethics, Biology, Zoology
Notable ideas	Golden mean, Reason, Logic, Syllogism, Passion

 Johann Joachim Becher Johann Becher (1635-1682) and Georg Stahl (1660-1734) developed the Phlogiston theory which dominated chemistry between 1670 and 1790. Basically, when something burned, it lost phlogiston to the air (after all, you could see the phlogiston leaving) A problem with the theory was that burning of metals resulted in an increase in the mass. This problem was solved by assigning negative mass to phlogiston.

Johann  Becher
Born	6 May 1635 Speyer, Holy Roman Empire
Died	October 1682 London, England
Fields	Chemistry/Alchemy

Joseph Priestly Joseph Priestly (1733-1804) discovered oxygen (which he called "dephlogisticated air") in 1774. Priestly was an ardent phlogistonist until his dying day. Priestly was also an early anti-war activist who favored both the American and French Revolutions. He was shipped to the U.S. in 1791 where he lived a quiet life in Pennsylvania. His house was used as a starting point for the American Chemical Society in 1876. The Priestly Medal is the highest award given by to an American chemist by the Society.

Antoine LavoisierAntoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) was the first person to make good use of the balance. He was an excellent experimenter. After a visit with Priestly in 1774, he began careful study of the burning process. He proposed the Combustion Theory which was based on sound mass measurements. He named oxygen. He also proposed the Law of Conversation of Mass which represents the beginning of modern chemistry. To support his work, Lavoisier was associated with a tax-collecting firm and was married to the daughter of the one of the firm's executives. Some people believe that Madame Lavoisier was every bit as good a scientist as her husband. Unfortunately, this relationship with the tax firm led to Lavoisier's beheading at the guillotine in 1794.

Antoine Lavoisier
Line engraving by Louis Jean Desire Delaistre, after a design by Julien Leopold Boilly
Born	26 August 1743 Paris, France
Died	8 May 1794 (aged 50) Paris, France
Fields	biologist, chemist
Influences	Guillaume-François Rouelle
Signature

Joseph Proust 

Joseph Proust (1754-1826) proposed the the Law of Constant Composition in 1799. This law was very radical at the time and was hotly contested by Claude Berthollet (1748-1822).

Joseph Proust
Born	Joseph Louis Proust September 26, 1754 Angers, France
Died	July 5, 1826 (aged 71) Angers, France
Occupation	Chemist

John Dalton
John Dalton (1776-1844) proposed the Law of Multiple Proportions. This law led directly to the proposal of the Atomic Theory in 1803. He also developed the concept of the mole and proposed a system of symbols to represent atoms of different elements. (The symbols currently used were developed by J.J. Berzelius(1779-1848)). Dalton recognized the existence of atoms of elements and that compounds formed from the union of these atoms. He therefore assumed that simplest ratios would be used in nature and came up with a formula for water of HO. He then assigned a relative atomic weight of one to hydrogen and developed a relative atomic weight scale from percent composition data and assumed atomic ratios. Today we would refer to these as equivalent masses. John Dalton also discovered color blindness, an affliction from which he suffered. He determined that five percent of the male population and less than one-tenth percent of the female population was color blind.

John Dalton
Born	6 September 1766 Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England
Died	27 July 1844 (aged 77) Manchester, England
Notable students	James Prescott Joule
Known for	Atomic Theory, Law of Multiple Proportions, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, Daltonism
Influences	John Gough
Signature

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Gay-Lussac ( 1778-1850) announced the Law of Combining Volumes in 1808. He showed that at the same temperature and pressure, two volumes of hydrogen gas reacted with one volume of oxygen gas to produce two volumes of water (as a gas).

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Born	6 December 1778 Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat
Died	9 May 1850 (aged 71) Paris
Nationality	French
Fields	Chemistry
Known for	Gay-Lussac's law

Amedeo Avogadro
Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) proposed what is now known as Avogadro's Hypothesis in 1811. The hypothesis states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules or atoms. When this is combined with Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes, the only possible formulas for hydrogen, oxygen and water are H2, O2 and H2O, respectively. The solution to the atomic weight problem was at hand in 1811. However, Avogadro's Hypothesis was a radical statement at the time and was not widely accepted until fifty years later.

Amedeo Avogadro
Born	9 August 1776 Turin, Italy
Died	9 July 1856 (aged 79) Turin, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Turin
Known for	Avogadro's law Avogadro constant

Stanislao Cannizzaro

Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826-1910), in 1860 at the Karlsruhe Conference, proposed that Avogadro's Hypothesis be accepted and the implications used for a period of five years. At the end of this five year period, a new conference would be called to discuss any problems that might develop; this second conference was never called.

Stanislao Cannizzaro
Stanislao Cannizzaro
Born	July 13, 1826 Palermo
Died	May 10, 1910
Nationality	Italy
Fields	Chemistry
Known for	Cannizzaro reaction

Dmitri Mendeleev
  Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) proposed the periodic law and developed the first periodic table in 1869. Medeleev's table was arranged according to increasing atomic weight and left holes for elements that were yet to be discovered.

Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev in 1897
Born	8 February 1834 Verhnie Aremzyani, Russian Empire
Died	2 February 1907 (aged 72) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality	Russian
Fields	Chemistry, physics and adjacent fields
Alma mater	Saint Petersburg University
Notable students	Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov, Valery Gemilian, Alexander Baykov
Known for	Inventing the Periodic table of chemical elements

Development of Atomic Structure

• J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) identified the negatively charged electron in the cathode ray tube in 1897. He deduced that the electron was a component of all matter and calculated the charge to mass ratio for the electron. e/m = -1.76 x 108 coulombs/g Thomson and others also studied the positive rays in the cathode ray tube and discovered that the charge to mass ratio depended on filling gas in the tube. The largest charge to mass ratio (smallest mass) occurred when hydrogen was the filling gas. This particle was later identified as the proton. e/m = +9.58 x 104 coulombs/g Thomson is proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom. In this model, the volume of the atom is composed primarily of the more massive (thus larger) positive portion (the plum pudding). The smaller electrons (actually, raisins in the plum pudding ) are dispersed throughout the positive mass to maintain charge neutrality. 
•   Robert Millikan (1868-1953) determined the unit charge of the electron in 1909 with his oil drop experiment at the University of Chicago. Thus allowing for the calculation of the mass of the electron and the positively charged atoms. e = 1.60 x 10^-19 coulombs 
•   Ernst Rutherford (1871-1937) proposed the nuclear atom as the result of the gold-foil experiment in 1911. Rutherford proposed that all of the positive charge and all of the mass of the atom occupied a small volume at the center of the atom and that most of the volume of the atom was empty space occupied by the electrons. This was a very radical proposal that flew in the face of Newtonian Physics. Although positive particles had been discussed for some time, it was Rutherford in 1920 that first referred to the hydrogen nucleus as a proton. Also in 1920, Rutherford proposed the existence of the third atomic particle, the neutron. 
• Henry Moseley (1887-1915) discovered that the energy of x-rays emitted by the elements increased in a linear fashion with each successive element in the periodic table. In 1913, he proposed that the relationship was a function of the positive charge on the nucleus. This rearranged the periodic table by using the atomic number instead of atomic mass to represent the progression of the elements. This new table left additional holes for elements that would soon be discovered. Unfortunately, Moseley was killed at Gallipoli during WWI.
• Francis Aston (1877-1945) invented the mass spectrograph in 1920. He was the first person to observe isotopes. For example he observed that there were three different kinds of hydrogen atoms. While most of the atoms had a mass number of 1 he also observed hydrogen atoms with mass numbers of 2 and 3. Modern atomic masses are based on mass spectral analysis. His work led Rutherford to predict the existence of the neutron.
•   James Chadwick (1891-1974) discovered the neutron in 1932. Chadwick was a collaborator of Rutherford's. Interestingly, the discovery of the neutron led directly to the discovery of fission and ultimately to the atomic bomb. 

Credits

the achivements ar short discription : me and me

photos : wikipedia

learn full periodic table easily

Rememberable sentences or codes to learn the periodic table. s-block elements 1st group— H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Code-- H LiNaKi RubbiSe Friendship 2nd group-- Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Code—Beta Maange Car Santro Baap Roye or beti mangla ka sir baba ramdev d-block elements 4th period-- Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Code—Scachin Tiendulkar Very (good) Cricketer Man (of the match) Feor (the) Country Niot (for) CuZn ((cousin)) 5th period—Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd Code—(it is actually a sher) Yeh Zindagi Nahi Mohabbat Teri Ro Rokar Pukaregi Aaj (tujhe ye) ChanDni or yaar jara nab mu toke ruke role paande age kadange. 6th period—La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Code—La HaFTA Warna Re us(Os) Iron (rod se) Pitega Aur Hospital (jaayega) 7th period—Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Code--- Arrey R D Sharma (ki) Book (mein) Hote (hain) Maths (ke) Difficult (sawaal) p-block elements for learning p-block, firstly learn the 2nd period of p-block B C N O F Ne Code--BCN (news) OF New (delhi) Now this will help you to remember the sequence of the following codes for their respective groups because the first letter of every sentence start with the letters of the 2nd period of the p-block. Just observe: 13th group—B Al Ga In Tl Code—Beingan Alu Gobhi In Thella 14th group—C Si Ge Sn Pb Code—Chemistry Sir Generally Have Some Problem 15th group—N P As Sb Bi Code—Nahi Pyaare Aise Sab Bigad (jaayega) nana patikar amrish sab bhai 16th group—O S Se Te Po Code— us (OS) Se Teepo orOm Shib se teri poll You may not be able to understand that what I have written above i.e. us (OS) Se Teepo It is the slang of “Copy from his notebook or answer-sheet” 17th group—F Cl Br I At Code—Faltu Class (mein) Boring Instructor Aata (hai) Fattu kaalu buru india aate 18th group—He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Code—He (man) Ne Arnold (schewwarznegar) Ko Xinda Ronda **Xinda is actually Zinda which means Alive** Lanthanides: Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu I have divided lanthanides into 3 parts as following: Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm /// Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho /// Er Tm Yb Lu 1st part—Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Code—Celina (aur) Priety Ne (dande se) Pammy (aur) Simmy (ko mara) 2nd part—Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Code—Europe Gaya (to) TB (aur) Diarrohoea Ho (gaya) 3rd part—Er Tm Yb Lu Code—Erre (array) Tamatar Yellow (aur) bLu **In “bLu” I have taken the small letter of Yb and other two letters of Lu** Actinides: The code for learning the actinides is not so effective but still I can give it to you but I don’t think that you will be able to use it. Actinides—Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Fm Md No Lr Code—(time) Tha PaUNe Paanch ACBar CEFakir Miyaaan Ne Li rakam **In “PaUNe” I have taken the first letters of Pa U& Np.** **In “ACBar”, it is actually Akbar, I have taken the first letters of Am Cm& Bk** **In “Li rakam” I have taken first letter of Lr for Li and Second letter of Lr i.e. ”r” for rakam**

elements song

There’s antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium,
And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium
And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium,
And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium,
Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium
And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium
And gold, protactinium and indium and gallium
And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium.
There’s yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium
And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium
And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium,
And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium and barium.
There’s holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium
And phosphorous and francium and fluorine and terbium
And manganese and mercury, molybdinum, magnesium,
Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium
And lead, praseodymium, and platinum, plutonium,
Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium,
Tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium,
And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium.
There’s sulfur, californium and fermium, berkelium
And also mendelevium, einsteinium and nobelium
And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium
And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper,
Tungsten, tin and sodium.
These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard,
And there may be many others but they haven’t been discovered.

Many people have heard of Tom Lehrer's 'The Elements' song. Listening I realised the song hadn't actually told me anything about The Periodic Table, except what's on it! So I decided to do my own song, specifically about The Periodic Table.
The chorus contains the first 36 elements in order up to Krypton.
The first verse covers general info about the Periodic table.
The second verse lists the Alkali Metals and The Alkaline Earth Metals.
The third verse lists the Halogens and the Noble Gases.

uncertainity principle

bohrs theory

hybrridization geometry and bond angles

sigma ad pi bonds 2

valence bond theory

sigma and pi bonds part 1

hybridization 3d

hybridization

amazing hybridization very important in future studies